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FAQ Table of Contents

  1. My accident happened on Lake Erie. What law will apply to my claim--state law or federal maritime law?

  2. Why do I care what law applies?

  3. What law applies to a passenger on a cruise ship?

  4. What rights does a passenger have if he is injured on a cruise ship or if he has complaints about the cruise?

  5. If the passenger wants to sue the cruise line, where should the lawsuit be brought?

  6. What happens if I am in an automobile accident and the other driver has little or no liability insurance coverage?

  7. Does Ray, Robinson, Carle & Davies, P.L.L. only specialize in admiralty and maritime matters?

  8. Should I incorporate my business?

  9. Do I need a will, living trust, power of attorney, or living will?

  10. How can I guarantee that I won't be sued?

  11. What papers are best kept in a safe place but not in a safe deposit box?

  12. If I want to buy or sell a house without a realtor, can you help me with the paperwork?

  13. How can I minimize estate taxes upon my death?


My accident happened on Lake Erie. What law will apply to my claim--state law or federal maritime law?

Whether you are on the Queen Mary or a jet ski, if you were in U.S. waters, federal maritime law probably applies. As a general rule this law applies to any collision or other accident that occurs on “navigable waters of the United States,” which includes all of the Great Lakes and all of the rivers that run into them. Federal maritime law may also apply to accidents on structures next to navigable waters, such as docks and breakwalls, if the accident resulted from something that started on the water. Federal law usually will NOT apply to accidents on smaller lakes within the state (example: Burr Oak Lake in Ohio) because most of these are not “navigable waters of the United States.”

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Why do I care what law applies?

Because there are many important differences between the maritime law and the law of the various states. These include the effect of any fault you have for the accident, how much time you have to file a lawsuit, and where you can file the suit, As one example, the law of many states (Ohio is one) forbid recovery of anything if you are more than 50% at fault. The maritime law allows a proportionate recovery even if you are 99% at fault.

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What law applies to a passenger on a cruise ship?

General maritime law usually applies. This law is the same throughout the country.

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What rights does a passenger have if he is injured on a cruise ship or if he has complaints about the cruise?

The passenger ticket issued by the cruise line is a contract between the passenger and the cruise line. The ticket contains important information regarding the passenger’s rights and should always be reviewed when the passenger has a complaint. The ticket may limit some of the passenger’s rights against the cruise line.

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If the passenger wants to sue the cruise line, where should the lawsuit be brought?

Many passenger tickets specify the place where the lawsuit must be filed. Often, the tickets require the passenger to file suit, if at all, in Miami or Dade County, Florida, or in California. These venue clauses have been upheld by the courts.

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What happens if I am in an automobile accident and the other driver has little or no liability insurance coverage?

In recent years, Ray, Robinson, Carle & Davies has handled an increasing number of what is commonly referred to as uninsured motorist (UM) or underinsured motorist (UDM) claims. Several years ago, the Ohio Legislature passed legislation requiring automobile insurance agents to offer and explain UM/UDM coverage to their clients and obtain a signed waiver of coverage if the client chose not to take the coverage. As a result, people who previously did not know about or understand that liability insurance coverage for collisions with UM/UDM was available under their own policies began to understand and purchase UM/UDM coverage. If you are in an automobile accident and the other driver is underinsured or uninsured, check with your insurance agent to determine if your policy covers UM/UDM collisions. Even if your policy does not contain UM/UDM coverage, there are often other policies, such as an employer’s policy, that might contain UM/UDM coverage for you. We would be happy to meet with you to consider the particulars of your situation and explain your remedies in greater detail. Whether or not you have been in an accident, we suggest that if your automobile insurance policy does not currently include UM/UDM coverage, you should meet with your insurance agent to discuss UM/UDM coverage and consider purchasing that coverage as part of your liability policy.

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Does Ray, Robinson, Carle & Davies, P.L.L. only specialize in admiralty and maritime matters?

No. Our lawyers handle matters related to personal injury and property damage for plaintiffs, corporation and small business organization and maintenance, probate and estate matters, commercial litigation for creditors, employment discrimination and labor law matters and general litigation in both state and federal courts. We have attorneys that are also licensed in Texas, District of Columbia, California, and Michigan.

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Should I incorporate my business?

Not necessarily and not for the sole reason of avoiding personal liability. Many factors such as the type and size of the business, the age of the business, its income, tax aspects, and ownership must be considered when making such an important decision.

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Do I need a will, living trust, power of attorney, or living will?

Everyone should have a will. Whether other documents are necessary depends on your personal situation. Decisions in this area could save or cost you and your estate substantial sums to say nothing of causing or avoiding problems for your family and heirs.

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How can I guarantee that I won't be sued?

You can always be sued, the real question is, can you be held liable. The best protection in many cases is a proper package of liability insurance.

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What papers are best kept in a safe place but not in a safe deposit box?

Those that may be needed very shortly after death such as a will, armed forces discharge certificate, or funeral instructions. Wherever kept, others such as your family, executor, or attorney should be aware of where your valuable papers are kept. Having a will that can't be found is like having no will at all. 

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If I want to buy or sell a house without a realtor, can you help me with the paperwork?

Yes. We can prepare a contract for sale and all required disclosure forms. We can also prepare the deed when the sale is closed.

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How can I minimize estate taxes upon my death?

Depending on your assets and life situation, there are a number of things you can do to minimize death taxes. Many estates are small enough so as not to be impacted by estate taxes. For larger estates the creation of Living Trusts, charitable bequests and other actions taken during your lifetime can reduce or eliminate estate taxes.

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